What is meant by the term federalism?

The term federalism refers to a system of governance in which power is divided and shared between a central or federal government and regional or state governments. This division allows for a dual system of political authority, where both the federal and state governments have their own responsibilities and powers. Federalism is a key principle in the United States Constitution, ensuring that no single level of government holds all the power.

In this system, certain powers are exclusive to the federal government, such as the ability to declare war or regulate interstate commerce, while others are reserved for the states, such as education and local law enforcement. This balance aims to protect individual freedoms and mitigate the risks of tyranny by ensuring that government authority is not concentrated in one entity. Federalism fosters a more diverse range of policies tailored to local needs while maintaining a cohesive national framework.