What are the two parts of the U.S. Congress?

The two parts of the U.S. Congress are the Senate and the House of Representatives. This bicameral structure is established in the Constitution to ensure a system of checks and balances within the legislative process. The Senate, composed of two senators from each state, represents the states equally, while the House of Representatives is based on the population of each state, ensuring representation that reflects the demographics of the nation. This division allows for a more comprehensive approach to lawmaking, balancing the needs and interests of both smaller and larger states.

The other options refer to different aspects of government or legislative bodies that are not part of the U.S. Congress. The executive and legislative branches are distinct from each other, with the executive branch focused on enforcing laws. The House of Lords and House of Commons are parts of the United Kingdom's Parliament, not the U.S. Congress. Lastly, the judicial branch does not comprise a part of Congress; it is responsible for interpreting laws and ensuring justice within the system.