In which branch of government does the power to declare war reside?

The power to declare war resides in the Legislative Branch of government. This authority is explicitly granted to Congress by the Constitution, specifically in Article I, Section 8. The framers of the Constitution included this provision to ensure that the decision to engage in military conflict would involve the representatives of the people, thus enhancing democratic accountability.

The Legislative Branch has the responsibility to evaluate the implications of war and to represent the interests and sentiments of the American public, which is vital during such a significant decision. While the President, as the head of the Executive Branch, acts as the Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces and has the authority to direct military operations, the formal declaration of war necessitates Congressional approval. This separation of powers is foundational to the checks and balances system established by the U.S. Constitution, preventing any one branch from wielding unchecked power in matters of war and peace.